


How Buildings Learn is one of my all-time favorite books. Stewart Brand, author of the Whole Earth Catalog, suggests that while buildings are most often seen as whole in space, they should also be considered as whole in time. As he writes, "Whereas 'architecture' may strive to be permanent, a 'building' is always building and rebuilding." Some buildings are designed to adapt well to the forces of change, while seem designed to prevent it. While Brand's focus is on physical buildings, his insights can also be extended to virtual spaces as well.


This classic of urban design examines the ways that people construct mental images of built environments. While traditional maps show streets, bodies of water, and rail lines, Lynch argues that people build their mential maps cities using different tools: nodes, landmarks, paths, edges and districts.
